Small excavator skills innovation: cutting-edge trends and industry outlook

Skill development trend of small excavators: the evolutionary path to meet the diverse global construction needs

Small excavators play an indispensable role in the diverse construction sites around the world. After more than 30 years of historical evolution, small excavators have made significant progress in technical functions, operating performance, work efficiency, safety assurance, environmental protection and energy saving, and maintenance through continuous improvement and perfection, and gradually formed relatively unified technical standards and industry specifications. Its skill development trend is mainly reflected in the following key aspects:

1. Tailless slewing and boom deflection technology: As the basic innovation of small excavators, boom deflection and tailless slewing functions were launched to the global market in the mid-to-late 1990s. The boom deflection mechanism located at the front of the machine body allows small excavators to complete direct excavation tasks without frequently moving the machine body when working in narrow areas such as wall roots. The application of the tailless slewing structure solves the problem of easy collision of the tail when working in narrow spaces. However, the design of the tailless slewing structure is quite challenging, and it is necessary to properly handle the overall mechanism layout on the slewing platform, the thermal balance of the power system, and the stability of the whole machine. The difficulty in designing the boom deflection mechanism lies in the determination of the hinge position and the manufacturing process of the articulated body.

2. New hydraulic control technology: The new hydraulic control technology has the characteristics of high efficiency, excellent operating performance, economy and environmental adaptability, and can achieve efficient and powerful operations. This technology is not affected by the size of the load, and the required hydraulic oil flow is accurately distributed according to the stroke of the joystick. The operator can easily complete the operation according to his own intention. At the same time, due to the small engine load, the unnecessary loss of flow is avoided, and both micro-operation and compound operation can be achieved. The application of new hydraulic control technology can also increase power output, increase operating speed and reduce fuel consumption.

3. Safety performance: In the European and North American markets, there are strict legal regulations on the safety of mechanical equipment. The safety performance of small excavators provides operators with a safe working environment and greatly improves the safety of operators. Its safety is mainly reflected in the OPS/FOPS design of the cab. In the relevant experiments of the cab, the following functional requirements must be met: first, it has the necessary energy absorption capacity; second, it can withstand the necessary load; third, it ensures that the passenger safety area is spacious enough. In terms of misoperation safety protection, the following technologies are mainly used: neutral start protection, that is, the engine can only be started when the safety lock rod is in the locked state; safety handle operation mode, if the safety lock rod is in the locked state, the operation of the operating handle and the walking handle will be invalid, thereby avoiding accidents caused by misoperation; automatic slewing lock, when the engine is turned off, the slewing motor will automatically lock, and no additional slewing lock pin is required during transportation.

4. Environmental protection technology: Environmental protection technology is mainly reflected in the use of high-efficiency, low-fuel consumption, and clean emission engines on small excavators. The new engine must meet the US EPA Tier2 standard and the European EU standard, and the emission of compounds that cause environmental pollution will be controlled to a minimum. At the same time, the new engine reduces vibration and noise, which is beneficial to environmental protection and protects the health of operators.
5. Ergonomic technology: The small excavator cab that conforms to the principles of ergonomics has a spacious interior space, a wide field of vision, beautiful appearance, simple and labor-saving operation, and intuitive and accurate instrument display, creating a comfortable operating environment for the driver and effectively reducing the driver's fatigue.

6. Repair and maintenance technology: From daily maintenance to regular inspection and maintenance, it is crucial to simplify the operation process, which can not only improve the reliability of the machine, but also keep the machine in good condition. Daily inspection should be convenient and one-touch operation without the help of tools should be achieved. At the same time, repair and maintenance should be simple and easy to quickly inspect and repair internal parts and systems.

In addition, at the design level, full consideration should be given to preventing accidental damage to the machine to the greatest extent. For example, the hood and guard plate anti-collision structure design; the boom hydraulic cylinder guard plate; the fuel tank drain valve; the independent bulldozer hydraulic hose design; the waterproof electrical system; the working device hose is built-in; the X-type frame and the half-mountain crawler frame are designed; the engine oil filter replacement time is extended; the pilot system with pipeline filtration is adopted; the double-layer air filter structure design is adopted, etc. These design details comprehensively improve the durability and reliability of the small excavator, so that it can better adapt to complex and diverse construction environments.

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