In the past, domestic loaders commonly used No. 3 or No. 4 calcium-based grease, and now this grease can not meet the requirements of loaders working under various climates (high temperature or low temperature, wet and water, etc.), because lithium-based grease has many excellent properties, its oil change cycle is about 2 times longer than calcium-based grease, so now loaders often use lithium based grease.

1. Engine oil

(1) Viscosity grade and quality grade: At present, the oil viscosity classification widely used in the world is the SAE (American Society of Automotive Engineers) classification standards, such as SAE5W / 40 or SAEl5W / 40, "W" means winter (winter), the smaller the number in front of it, indicating the thinner the viscosity of the oil, the better the fluidity, the better the protection of the engine at cold start. The higher the value, the better the protection performance of the oil at high temperature, the higher the resistance of the oil to the moving system is relatively high, not only consumes power, increases fuel consumption, and the oil is easy to oxidize, affecting the protection of cold start.

Generally, API (American Petroleum Institute) grade represents the classification of engine oil quality, which uses a simple code to describe the working ability of engine oil, for the diesel engine used in construction machinery such as loaders, its oil quality grade from "SA" to "SL", the further back the letter, the higher the quality grade, each incremental letter, The performance of the oil is better than the previous one, and the oil has more additives to protect the engine.

China's diesel engine oil viscosity grade and quality grade standards (GB11122-1997) are equivalent to the above standards.

(2) The choice of diesel engine oil: for the loader diesel engine with poor working conditions, large work load, it is recommended to use CD grade oil. For the south, use CD grade SAE20W / 40, for the North, it is recommended to use CD grade SAE5W / 30 or 10W / 30, some imported engines require the use of CE, CF and superior oil, such as Cummins engine requires the use of CF-4 or superior oil.

2. Engine diesel

Generally, diesel with a sulfur content of less than 0.5% is used, and if the sulfur content is high, the oil change cycle will be shortened. General loader diesel adopts light diesel prescribed by GB252-1994, which is suitable for high-speed diesel engines with full load speed of 1000r/min or more.

3. Torque converter/transmission oil (hydraulic transmission oil)

(1) Hydraulic transmission oil function:

① Hydraulic transmission oil is the medium of energy transmission of hydraulic torque converter.

② Make lubricating oil for gear and bearing of gearbox.

③ Hydraulic oil as the transmission friction clutch.

④ As a coolant for torque converter and gearbox.

(2) Selection of hydraulic transmission oil: The normal working temperature of hydraulic transmission oil is between 82 ~ 95 ° C, sometimes up to 120 ° C, because of the special requirements for hydraulic transmission oil, there is no national standard to specify its quality grade and viscosity requirements, the general loader uses hydraulic transmission oil for China's Lanlian, Daqing Petrochemical plant enterprise standard in No. 6 hydraulic transmission oil, No. 6 hydraulic transmission oil is mainly used for diesel locomotive and construction machinery hydraulic transmission oil.

4. Drive axle oil

(1) Gear oil: China's vehicle gear oil quality classification standard GB7631.7 ~ 95 is divided into CLC, CLD and CLE according to the API quality grade classification, of which CLE is equivalent to grade GL ~ 5 in the APL classification. It is recommended to use CLE grade gear oil for general loader drive axle.

(2) drive axle brake oil (brake oil) : The loader drive axle brake oil (non-full hydraulic brake) generally uses the HZY3 synthetic brake fluid specified in GB1298191, which is equivalent to the SAEL703C oil specified in API.

5. Hydraulic oil

Viscosity is an important performance index of hydraulic oil, because the lower the viscosity, the smaller the power loss, the higher the mechanical efficiency; The viscosity is low, and the volumetric efficiency is also reduced, so the optimal viscosity meets the requirements of minimum wear of bearings and hydraulic pumps, and low temperature performance should also be considered. Domestic hydraulic oil generally selects the mineral oil type and synthetic hydrocarbon type hydraulic oil specified in GB11118.1994. Due to the harsh working conditions of the loader, large working load and high hydraulic oil temperature, the advanced anti-wear hydraulic oil L HM32 and L HM46 models are generally used, and the low point hydraulic oil L HV32 and L HV46 models are recommended under low temperature conditions.

6. Grease

Foreign use is a multi-purpose grease, containing 1%-5% molybdenum disulfide, and it is also a suitable corrosion resistance agent. This grease is suitable for all kinds of hinge pins, joint bearings, swing frame bearings, drive shafts, etc., and has a wide range of uses. The grease must be a mixture of advanced lithium and E.P. additives that is chemically stable, does not harden, leak or drip over the entire operating range. Generally, NLGI (American Grease Association) specifies 1 or 2 grease, which applies to a wide temperature range and is suitable for very low temperature occasions.

The oil products often used in the loader are mainly engine oil, engine diesel, torque converter/transmission oil (hydraulic transmission oil), drive axle oil, hydraulic oil used in the hydraulic system, grease used in the hinged pin, the correct selection and use of these oil products to maintain the normal operation of the system, reduce wear, and extend the service life of the machine is of great significance.

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