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1. Power source and hydraulic system
(I) Power conversion core - hydraulic pump
Hydraulic pump is the power source of hydraulic breaker, and common ones are axial piston pump and gear pump. Taking axial piston pump as an example, it realizes oil suction and oil pressure process by reciprocating the piston in the cylinder body and changing the volume of the sealed working chamber. This pump has high volumetric efficiency and output pressure, and can provide stable and strong power for hydraulic breaker. In actual operation, according to different models and operation requirements, the displacement of hydraulic pump can be adjusted within a certain range, accurately matching the flow required by the breaker when working, ensuring that the breaker can operate in the best state, which is also the key starting link in the "hydraulic breaker power transmission mechanism".
(II) Pressure regulation and control - overflow valve and other components
In the hydraulic system, the overflow valve plays a key role in pressure protection and regulation. When the system pressure exceeds the set value, the overflow valve opens and returns the excess hydraulic oil to the oil tank to prevent the system pressure from being too high and causing damage to the components. At the same time, by adjusting the spring preload of the overflow valve, the working pressure of the system can be adjusted to meet the striking force requirements of the hydraulic breaker under different working conditions. For example, when dismantling a relatively solid concrete structure, a higher striking force is required, so the system pressure can be appropriately increased; when dealing with relatively fragile materials, the pressure is reduced to ensure the accuracy of the operation, which fully reflects the key points of flexible pressure control in the "working principle of hydraulic breaker". In addition, components such as throttle valves and reversing valves work together to control the flow and direction of hydraulic oil and realize various actions of the breaker, such as the reciprocating motion of the piston and the striking of the drill rod, which together constitute a complex and orderly hydraulic control system in the "internal structure of the hydraulic breaker".
2. Impact mechanism - core working unit
(I) Precision design of piston assembly
The piston is one of the core components of the impact mechanism of the hydraulic breaker. It is usually made of high-strength alloy steel and undergoes precision processing to ensure good matching accuracy and sealing with the cylinder body. Driven by the hydraulic oil, the piston reciprocates in the cylinder body at an extremely high speed, generating a strong impact force. Its stroke and movement speed directly affect the striking energy and frequency of the breaker. Generally speaking, a longer piston stroke can produce greater striking force, while a higher movement speed can increase the striking frequency. When designing, it is necessary to optimize the piston size, mass and other parameters according to the actual application scenario, such as mining focuses on striking force, and road maintenance may pay more attention to striking frequency. This is the precise design of the core components around the "internal structure of the hydraulic breaker", which is related to the key link of the impact energy generation in the "working principle of the hydraulic breaker".
(II) Energy storage and release of accumulators
The accumulator plays an important role in energy storage and auxiliary impact in the hydraulic breaker. During the piston return stage, the hydraulic oil stores part of the energy in the accumulator; when the piston moves forward to strike, the accumulator releases the stored energy, which is superimposed with the energy output by the hydraulic pump, instantly providing the piston with greater driving force and enhancing the striking effect. The capacity and inflation pressure of the accumulator need to be accurately matched according to the model and working requirements of the breaker. The appropriate accumulator setting can make the breaker maintain stable striking performance during the working process, reduce energy fluctuations, improve energy utilization efficiency, and further improve the "hydraulic breaker power transmission mechanism", so that the impact mechanism can work more efficiently.
III. Design of drill rod and working end
(I) Material and structural optimization of drill rod
The drill rod directly acts on the object to be broken and bears huge impact force and friction. Therefore, the drill rod is usually made of high-strength and high-toughness alloy steel, and undergoes a special heat treatment process to improve its surface hardness and wear resistance. In terms of structural design, the head shape, taper and internal stress distribution of the drill rod are carefully optimized. For example, the use of a suitable taper on the head can make the striking force more concentrated on the crushing point and improve the crushing efficiency; the internal structure is optimized to reduce the stress concentration area and prevent fracture and other faults during frequent striking. This is an important manifestation of the "internal structure of the hydraulic breaker" at the working end, which is closely related to the direct influencing factors on the crushing effect in the "working principle of the hydraulic breaker".
(II) Adaptation and diversification of working ends
There are various forms of working ends for hydraulic breakers to choose from for different working objects and working conditions. For example, the pointed chisel type drill rod is suitable for breaking hard rocks and concrete structures. Its sharp head can effectively concentrate power and achieve efficient breaking; while the flat chisel type drill rod is more suitable for demolition operations. The wide blade surface can contact and peel off materials over a large area. In addition, there are combined working ends for special scenarios. This diversified design meets the needs of various projects. Users can flexibly replace the working end according to actual conditions, further expanding the application scope of hydraulic breakers, and enriching the connotation of "internal structure of hydraulic breakers" and actual operation adaptation from the perspective of the working end.
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