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In the construction and mining fields, excavators and loaders are core equipment, and clamshell bucket teeth are key components. Due to frequent contact with materials, wear issues have always attracted much attention. Reducing bucket tooth wear by half can not only significantly reduce equipment maintenance costs, but also significantly improve operating efficiency. Next, let's explore effective ways to achieve this goal.
1. Optimize equipment operation methods
Avoid brutal operation
When operating excavators and loaders, it is strictly forbidden to use brute force. Taking the excavation of hard rocks as an example, if the operator's operation method is too rough, the bucket teeth will be subjected to huge impact force instantly, which is very easy to leave hard scratches and accelerate wear. The correct approach is to dig and load with smooth and gradual movements according to the material characteristics and working conditions to reduce the impact force that the bucket teeth are subjected to instantly.
Control the operating speed
It is crucial to reasonably control the operating speed of the equipment. If the speed is too fast, the impact force when the bucket teeth come into contact with the material will increase significantly, and the wear will increase accordingly. In actual operation, the operator should flexibly adjust the operating speed according to factors such as the hardness and viscosity of the material. For materials with higher hardness, the speed should be appropriately reduced to ensure that the bucket teeth cut in smoothly and reduce wear; for loose materials, the speed can be appropriately increased under the premise of ensuring safety to improve work efficiency, but excessive wear caused by excessive speed should be avoided.
2. Choose high-quality bucket teeth products
Pay attention to the manufacturing process
The manufacturing process of bucket teeth has a significant impact on their wear resistance. At present, common manufacturing processes include sand casting, die forging and precision casting. Sand casting has the lowest cost, but the process level and product quality are relatively poor; die forging has the highest cost, but the process level and bucket teeth quality are the best; precision casting has moderate cost, strict requirements on raw materials, and high process level. Some precision cast bucket teeth have a wear resistance that even exceeds that of die forging products due to reasonable ingredients. When choosing bucket teeth, give priority to products using precision casting or die forging processes, which can effectively improve wear resistance and reduce wear.
Choose suitable materials
Bucket teeth are mostly based on high manganese steel, and alloys are added to improve performance. For example, some high-quality bucket teeth will add alloy elements such as chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and silicon (Si), which can effectively improve the strength, hardness and wear resistance of the material. When choosing bucket teeth, you should understand the material composition of the product in detail, and choose bucket teeth with appropriate alloy composition and adaptable to the material characteristics according to the actual working conditions. For example, when digging hard rocks, choosing bucket teeth containing more wear-resistant alloy elements can significantly improve the wear resistance.
3. Strengthen daily maintenance
Replace bucket teeth in time
When the bucket teeth show a certain degree of wear, they should be replaced in time. Continuing to use excessively worn bucket teeth will not only reduce operating efficiency, but also cause adjacent bucket teeth to bear greater pressure and accelerate overall wear. The operator should regularly check the wear of the bucket teeth. Once the bucket teeth are found to have reached a certain limit, such as severe wear on the tooth tip and obvious thinning of the bucket teeth, they should be replaced immediately to ensure that the bucket teeth are always in good working condition.
Do a good job of lubrication
Regularly apply grease to the connection parts of the bucket teeth, such as the pin connection between the tooth seat and the tooth tip. Grease can effectively reduce the friction coefficient between components and reduce the wear caused by friction. It can also prevent dirt such as sand from entering the connection gaps and further protect the components. In winter, the temperature is low, and the viscosity of the grease will increase. You should choose a grease with low viscosity and relatively dilute grease to ensure a good lubrication effect.
Reinforcement of key parts
Reinforcement of some key parts of the bucket teeth can effectively extend their service life. For example, a steel plate parallel to the bucket teeth is welded in the gap between each tooth. When the tooth head is worn to be flush with the steel plate, the bucket teeth and the steel plate are subjected to force and friction at the same time during the shoveling process, which can disperse the force on the bucket teeth to a certain extent and reduce the wear of the bucket teeth.
In addition, for the main force-bearing areas such as the side plates and bottom plates of the bucket, welding and reinforcement of steel plates can also be used to enhance their wear resistance, indirectly protect the bucket teeth, and reduce abnormal wear of the bucket teeth caused by damage to other parts of the bucket.
By optimizing equipment operation methods, selecting high-quality bucket tooth products, and strengthening daily maintenance, the goal of halving the wear of clamshell bucket teeth for excavators and loaders can be effectively achieved. This can not only save a lot of equipment maintenance costs for engineering operations, but also improve the operating efficiency and stability of the equipment, providing a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of the project.
